Go常用工具
发布于 2017-10-23 · 本文总共 7328 字 · 阅读大约需要
21 分钟
Golang下载安装
Linux
下载
下载Linux版本的golang安装包,解压:tar -xvf xxx.tar.gz
wget https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.13.linux-arm64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.13.linux-arm64.tar.gz
添加环境变量
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
export GOROOT=
Mac
下载安装
- go官方:
https://golang.org/
- 下载地址:
https://golang.org/dl/
https://golang.google.cn/dl/
- 安装文档:
https://golang.org/doc/install
Mac上只有一种安装类型,pkg文件,下载安装即可
配置环境变量
$vim ~/.bash_profile
export PATH="/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH"
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOPATH=/Users/rainmc/Go
$source ~/.bash_profile
测试
打开Mac上的终端,输入命令:go version
go基本命令和工具
qwq algorithms_training % go
Go is a tool for managing Go source code.
Usage:
go <command> [arguments]
The commands are:
bug start a bug report
build compile packages and dependencies
clean remove object files and cached files
doc show documentation for package or symbol
env print Go environment information
fix update packages to use new APIs
fmt gofmt (reformat) package sources
generate generate Go files by processing source
get add dependencies to current module and install them
install compile and install packages and dependencies
list list packages or modules
mod module maintenance
run compile and run Go program
test test packages
tool run specified go tool
version print Go version
vet report likely mistakes in packages
Use "go help <command>" for more information about a command.
Additional help topics:
buildmode build modes
c calling between Go and C
cache build and test caching
environment environment variables
filetype file types
go.mod the go.mod file
gopath GOPATH environment variable
gopath-get legacy GOPATH go get
goproxy module proxy protocol
importpath import path syntax
modules modules, module versions, and more
module-get module-aware go get
module-auth module authentication using go.sum
module-private module configuration for non-public modules
packages package lists and patterns
testflag testing flags
testfunc testing functions
Use "go help <topic>" for more information about that topic.
go build
用于编译代码。在包的编译过程中,若有必要,会同时编译与之相关联的包。
ub % go help build
usage: go build [-o output] [-i] [build flags] [packages]
Build compiles the packages named by the import paths,
along with their dependencies, but it does not install the results.
If the arguments to build are a list of .go files from a single directory,
build treats them as a list of source files specifying a single package.
When compiling packages, build ignores files that end in '_test.go'.
When compiling a single main package, build writes
the resulting executable to an output file named after
the first source file ('go build ed.go rx.go' writes 'ed' or 'ed.exe')
or the source code directory ('go build unix/sam' writes 'sam' or 'sam.exe').
The '.exe' suffix is added when writing a Windows executable.
When compiling multiple packages or a single non-main package,
build compiles the packages but discards the resulting object,
serving only as a check that the packages can be built.
The -o flag forces build to write the resulting executable or object
to the named output file or directory, instead of the default behavior described
in the last two paragraphs. If the named output is a directory that exists,
then any resulting executables will be written to that directory.
The -i flag installs the packages that are dependencies of the target.
The build flags are shared by the build, clean, get, install, list, run,
and test commands:
-a
force rebuilding of packages that are already up-to-date.
-n
print the commands but do not run them.
-p n
the number of programs, such as build commands or
test binaries, that can be run in parallel.
The default is the number of CPUs available.
-race
enable data race detection.
Supported only on linux/amd64, freebsd/amd64, darwin/amd64 and windows/amd64.
-msan
enable interoperation with memory sanitizer.
Supported only on linux/amd64, linux/arm64
and only with Clang/LLVM as the host C compiler.
-v
print the names of packages as they are compiled.
-work
print the name of the temporary work directory and
do not delete it when exiting.
-x
print the commands.
-asmflags '[pattern=]arg list'
arguments to pass on each go tool asm invocation.
-buildmode mode
build mode to use. See 'go help buildmode' for more.
-compiler name
name of compiler to use, as in runtime.Compiler (gccgo or gc).
-gccgoflags '[pattern=]arg list'
arguments to pass on each gccgo compiler/linker invocation.
-gcflags '[pattern=]arg list'
arguments to pass on each go tool compile invocation.
-installsuffix suffix
a suffix to use in the name of the package installation directory,
in order to keep output separate from default builds.
If using the -race flag, the install suffix is automatically set to race
or, if set explicitly, has _race appended to it. Likewise for the -msan
flag. Using a -buildmode option that requires non-default compile flags
has a similar effect.
-ldflags '[pattern=]arg list'
arguments to pass on each go tool link invocation.
-linkshared
link against shared libraries previously created with
-buildmode=shared.
-mod mode
module download mode to use: readonly or vendor.
See 'go help modules' for more.
-pkgdir dir
install and load all packages from dir instead of the usual locations.
For example, when building with a non-standard configuration,
use -pkgdir to keep generated packages in a separate location.
-tags tag,list
a comma-separated list of build tags to consider satisfied during the
build. For more information about build tags, see the description of
build constraints in the documentation for the go/build package.
(Earlier versions of Go used a space-separated list, and that form
is deprecated but still recognized.)
-trimpath
remove all file system paths from the resulting executable.
Instead of absolute file system paths, the recorded file names
will begin with either "go" (for the standard library),
or a module path@version (when using modules),
or a plain import path (when using GOPATH).
-toolexec 'cmd args'
a program to use to invoke toolchain programs like vet and asm.
For example, instead of running asm, the go command will run
'cmd args /path/to/asm <arguments for asm>'.
The -asmflags, -gccgoflags, -gcflags, and -ldflags flags accept a
space-separated list of arguments to pass to an underlying tool
during the build. To embed spaces in an element in the list, surround
it with either single or double quotes. The argument list may be
preceded by a package pattern and an equal sign, which restricts
the use of that argument list to the building of packages matching
that pattern (see 'go help packages' for a description of package
patterns). Without a pattern, the argument list applies only to the
packages named on the command line. The flags may be repeated
with different patterns in order to specify different arguments for
different sets of packages. If a package matches patterns given in
multiple flags, the latest match on the command line wins.
For example, 'go build -gcflags=-S fmt' prints the disassembly
only for package fmt, while 'go build -gcflags=all=-S fmt'
prints the disassembly for fmt and all its dependencies.
For more about specifying packages, see 'go help packages'.
For more about where packages and binaries are installed,
run 'go help gopath'.
For more about calling between Go and C/C++, run 'go help c'.
Note: Build adheres to certain conventions such as those described
by 'go help gopath'. Not all projects can follow these conventions,
however. Installations that have their own conventions or that use
a separate software build system may choose to use lower-level
invocations such as 'go tool compile' and 'go tool link' to avoid
some of the overheads and design decisions of the build tool.
See also: go install, go get, go clean.
tags
-tags tag,list
a comma-separated list of build tags to consider satisfied during the
build. For more information about build tags, see the description of
build constraints in the documentation for the go/build package.
(Earlier versions of Go used a space-separated list, and that form
is deprecated but still recognized.)
为了避免引入不必要的库,可以在编译时指定
例如rpcx采用了Go条件编译的特性,可以只引入必要的特性。 比如只使用etcd作为注册中心的时候,不希望引入consul、zookeeper相关的库, 需要在Go BuildTags中指定etcd:
go build -tags=etcd
go clean
移除当前源码包和关联源码包里面编译生成的文件
go fmt
格式化代码
go get
动态获取远程代码包
go install
compile and install packages and dependencies
go test
test packages
go tool
run specified go tool